Verb Tenses in English
Here you have all the verb tenses in English.Have fun!
Aqui estão os tempos verbais em Inglês. Divirta-se!
Obs: sometimes the “continous tense” is called “progressive tense”. Here we use both names because both are correct.
Nota:por sugestão de vários estudantes, traduzimos as instruções que agora estão em azul junto ao Inglês.
SIMPLE
PRESENT ( I DO )
We use the simple present to talk about
things in general . We are not thinking only about the
present .
We use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly , or that
something is true in general .
It is not important whether the action is happening at the time of speaking
:
Usamos o Simple Present para falar
de coisas em geral. Não estamos pensando somente no presente.
Usamos para dizer que algo acontece o tempo todo ou repetidamente.
Não é importante se a ação esta acontecendo no momento da fala:
Examples :
The earth goes round the sun
Nurses look after patients in hospitals
In Britain most of the shops close at 5.30 PM
Remember that we say
He , She , It with S . Don' t forget the "S "
Lembre-se
que dizemos He,She,IT com “S”. Não esqueça do “S”
I work in a bank - He works in a bank
•We make the negative form adding DON 'T or DOESN 'T before the main verb
Fazemos o negativo adicionando DON’T ou DOESN’T antes do verbo principal.
• We make the interrogative form adding DO / DOES before the subject
Fazemos o interrogativo adicionando DO/DOES antes do sujeito.
Examples :
Affirmative : They work in a bank He works in a bank
Negative : They don't work in a bank He doesn't work in a bank
Interrogative :Do they work in a bank ? Does he work in a bank ?
Inter. negative: Don ' t they work in a bank ? Doesn' t he work in a bank ?
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS (I AM DOING)
Tambem
chamado Present Progressive.
Formado com TO BE + MAIN VERB + ING
We use the present continuous to talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking.
Usamos o Present Continuous para falar sobre algo que esta acontecendo no momento da fala:
David is driving to work ( he is in his car now )
• Other uses (outros usos)
1 - To talk about a temporary action that is not necessarily happening at the time of speaking.
Para falar sobre uma ação temporaria que não esta necessariamente acontecendo no momento da fala:
David is taking an English course this semester
They are building a new hospital near the park
2 - An action programmed in the future (uma ação programada no futuro)
We are going to New York next week
David is meeting Jennifer tomorrow night
3 - An action that is repeated frequently (uma ação repetida frequentemente)
My neighbor is always playing music in a loud sound
She is often buying new clothes
NOTE :
Some verbs are not normally used in the Progressive forms .
They , in
general , indicate a state or a condition . Here are some of them :
Alguns verbos não são normalmente usados na forma continua.
Eles
em geral indicam um estado ou condição. Aqui estão alguns deles:
Agree ( concordar ) Hate ( odiar )
Believe ( acreditar ) Have ( ter )
Belong ( pertencer ) Hear ( ouvir )
Disagree ( discordar ) Hope ( esperar )
Forget ( esquecer ) Know ( saber )
Like ( gostar ) See ( ver )
Love ( amar ) Seem ( parecer )
Need ( precisar ) Smell ( cheirar )
Prefer ( preferir ) Think ( pensar )
Remember ( lembrar ) Understand ( compreender )
The regular verbs make the past tense adding ED to the infinitive without the particle TO
Os verbos regulares fazem o passado acrescentado-se ED ao infinitivo sem a particula TO
EXAMPLES :
TO LIVE LIVED ( morar / morei )
TO ARRIVE ARRIVED ( chegar / cheguei )
TO LOVE LOVED ( amar / amei )
TO TALK TALKED ( falar / falei )
•We make the negative using the auxiliary Did not ( didn ' t ) before the main verb of the sentence.
Fazemos o negativo acrescentando Did NOT (didn’t) antes do verbo da frase.
I lived in London for three months last year I didn ' t live in London last year
We arrived in New York yesterday morning We didn' t arrive in New York yesterday morning
•We make the interrogative form adding DID before the subject of the sentence
Fazemos o interrogativo colocando-se Did antes do sujeito da frase.
The contracted forms are normally used in all persons
As formas contraidas são normalmente usadas em todas as pessoas.
Did she pass her examination ? When did you arrive in New York ?
Did you live in London
?
How long did you live in London ?
pronoun |
affirmative |
negative form |
contracted negative |
I |
lived |
did not live |
didn ' t live |
you |
lived |
did not live |
didn ' t live |
he,she,it |
lived |
did not live |
didn ' t live |
we |
lived |
did not live |
didn ' t live |
you |
lived |
did not live |
didn ' t live |
they |
lived |
did not live |
didn ' t live |
Uses of the Simple past (usos do Simple Past)
We use this tense to talk about actions that happened in a definite time in the past . The time can be :
Usamos este tempo verbal para falar de coisas que aconteceram em um tempo definido no passado. O tempo pode ser:
1 - Specified in the sentence . In general words and expressions meaning time are used in the sentence
Especificado na frase. Em geral palavras e expressões que significam tempo são usadas na frase.
He left for Australia last night
She made a wonderful cake yesterday
I received a letter from my brother a week ago
They decided to move to Wyoming today
2 - Suggested by an expression of place ( sugerido por uma expressão de lugar)
I bought this book in New York
They watched that movie in São Paulo.
• The Simple Past is also used with adverbs
of frequency like :
always , seldom , never , etc .to indicate an
habit in the past.
É usado também com advérbios de freqüência para indicar um
hábito no passado.
Veja a pagina Adverbs
He always drove very fast (Ele sempre dirigiu muito rápido)
They seldom arrived on time to their classes (Eles raramente chegam a tempo para as aulas)
See also Irregular Verbs
PAST
CONTINUOUS ( I WAS DOING )
Tambem
chamado Past Progressive
It's formed by
the PAST of TO BE + MAIN VERB + ING
Formado com Passado de BE + Verbo
Principal + ING
•We use the past progressive to say that
someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time .
The action had
already begun before this time .
• Usamos o Past Continuous para
dizer que alguem estava em meio de fazer algo em certo tempo.
A ação ja começou
antes desse tempo.
In April last year I was living in France ( LIVE )
( Em abril do ano passado eu estava morando na França)
What were you doing at 8:00 o'clock last evening ? ( DO )
(O que você estava fazendo as 8:00h na noite passada?)
•The past progressive doesn't tell us if an action has finished or not , notice :
O Past Progressive (ou Past Continuous)
não nos diz se a ação terminou ou não.Veja:
David was writing the year report Yesterday ( we don't know if he finished it )
(David estava escrevendo o relatorio annual ontem.(não sabemos se ele ja terminou)
MAS:
David wrote the report ( Simple Past ) - ( He began and finished it )
( David escreveu o relatorio( Simple Past) –(ele começou e terminou)
•Other uses
We use the Past Progressive to say that something happened in the middle of another thing :
Usamos o Past Progressive (past continuous) para dizer que alguma coisa aconteceu no mieo de outra coisa:
Tom broke the typewriter when he was typing a letter
Tom quebrou a maquina de escrever enquanto estava digitando.
When I saw Jennifer in the park , she was sitting on the grass and reading a book
Quando vi Jennifer no parque, ela estava sentada na grama lendo um livro.
While I was working in the garden I hurt my back
Enquanto trabalhava no jardim,
machuquei as costas.
•To say that one thing happened after another thing , we use the Simple Past
Para dizer que alguma coisa aconteceu depois de outra, usamos o Simple Past
Yesterday David was having dinner when the telephone rang . He stopped eating and answered.
Ontem David estava jantando quando o telefone tocou. Ele parou de comer e atendeu.
•Compare these sentences :
Compare estas frases:
When Tom arrived we were having dinner ( past progressive) -{ we had already started before Tom arrived }
Quando Tom chegou estávamos jantando (past progressive)- já tínhamos começado antes de Tom chegar)
When Tom arrived , we had dinner ( past simple ) - { Tom arrived and then we had dinner }
Quando Tom chegou nós jantamos (past simple) (Tom chegou e então nós jantamos)
NOTE :
Some verbs are not normally used in the
Progressive forms .
They , in general , indicate a state or a condition .
Here are the most common:
Alguns verbos não são normalmente usados
nas formas Progressive (Continuous).
Eles em geral indicam um estado ou condição.
Eis os mais comuns:
Agree ( concordar ) Hate ( odiar )
Believe ( acreditar ) Have ( ter )
Belong ( pertencer ) Hear ( ouvir )
Disagree ( discordar ) Hope ( esperar )
Forget ( esquecer ) Know ( saber )
Like ( gostar ) See ( ver )
Love ( amar ) Seem ( parecer )
Need ( precisar ) Smell ( cheirar )
Prefer ( preferir ) Think ( pensar )
Remember ( lembrar ) Understand ( compreender )
PRESENT PERFECT ( I HAVE DONE )
It's formed by : HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE of main verb
Note : The past participle of verbs , normally ends in -ED ( opened , decided ) except for irregular verbs
O past Participle(particípio passado) dos verbos normalmente termina em ED, exceto para os verbos irregulares.
In negative sentences we use NOT after the auxiliary HAVE.
Em frases negativas usa-se NOT após o verbo Have
In interrogative sentences the verb HAVE is placed before the subject .In general the
contracted forms are used .
Em frases interrogatives o verbo Have é colocado antes do sujeito. Em geral usa-se as formas contraídas.
The normal forms of Present Perfect are(as formas normais do Present Perfect são:)
pronoun |
affirmative |
negative |
interrogative |
I |
have lived |
have not lived |
have i lived ? |
YOU |
have lived |
have not lived |
have you lived ? |
HE,SHE,IT |
has lived |
has not lived |
has ( he,she,it) lived? |
WE |
have lived |
have not lived |
have we lived ? |
YOU |
have lived |
have not lived |
have you lived ? |
THEY |
have lived |
have not lived |
have they lived ? |
These are the contracted forms( estas são as formas contraidas)
affirmative |
negative |
interrogative |
I ' ve live |
iIhaven ' t lived |
have I lived ? |
you ' ve lived |
you haven ' t lived |
have you lived ? |
he ' s lived |
he hasn ' t lived |
has he lived ? |
she ' s lived |
she hasn ' t lived |
has she lived ? |
it ' s lived |
it hasn ' t lived |
has it lived ? |
we ' ve lived |
we haven' t lived |
have we lived ? |
you ' ve lived |
you haven ' t lived |
have you lived ? |
they ' ve lived |
they haven ' t lived |
have they lived ? |
And do not forget the Iinterrogative-negative (não esqueça o interrogativo-negativo)
normal form |
contracted form |
have I not lived ? |
haven ' t I lived ? |
have you not lived ? |
haven ' t you lived ? |
has he not lived ? |
hasn 't he lived ? |
has she not lived ? |
hasn ' t she lived ? |
has it not lived ? |
hasn ' t it lived ? |
have we not lived ? |
haven ' t we lived ? |
have you not lived ? |
haven ' t you lived ? |
have they not lived ? |
haven ' t they lived ? |
Uses of this tense (Usos deste tempo verbal)
1 - To talk about a period of time that continues up to the present.
Para falar de um periodo de tempo que continua até o presente)
She 's lived in New York for ten years (
she still lives there )
Ela tem morado em New York por dez
anos (ela ainda mora lá)
Her sister has been working since January ( her sister is still working )
A irmã dela tem trabalhado desde Janeiro (a irmã dela ainda trabalha)
OBS:este tempo verbal não tem equivalência direta com os tempos verbais
em português.
Quando dizemos que trabalhamos em algum lugar ha dez anos
usamos:” Eu trabalho aqui ha dez anos”
note que “eu trabalho” é o tempo
presente e não dá a idéia de período.
Em
inglês se diz: “I have worked here for ten years” (tenho trabalhado aqui por
dez anos)
2 - To talk about something that someone haven ' t done that continues up to the present
Para falar sobre algo que alguem não fez e que continua até o presente.
I ' ve never smoked (Eu nuca fumei)
I haven ' t smoked for two years ( Eu não fumo ha dois anos)
Jennifer hasn ' t called me for two weeks (Jennifer não me telefona ha duas semanas)
Other uses – Outros usos
1 - When there is a
connection with the present.
Quando ha uma ligação com o presente
I ' ve lost my wallet ( I don ' t have it with me now )
Perdi minha carteira (Não a tenho comigo agora)
Jennifer has gone to Italy ( she is there now )
Jennifer foi para a Italia (ela está lá agora)
Have you cleaned you room ? ( is it clean now ? )
Voce limpou meu quarto? (ele está limpo agora?)
2 - To talk about a recent happening , or to add new information.
Para falar sobre um acontecimento recente,ou
adicionar nova informação
I ' ve lost my wallet . Can you help me to find
it ?
Perdi
minha carteira. Pode me ajudar a acha-la?
Do you know about Jennifer ? She ' s gone to Italy.
Sabe da Jennifer? Ela foi para a Italia.
3 - To say that something happened a short time ago , or before the expected time.
Para dizer que algo aconteceu ha pouco tempo, ou antes do tempo esperado.
Can I buy you a snack ? - No thank you , I ' ve just had lunch ( short time ago )
Posso lhe pagar um lanche?- Não,obrigado. Acabei de almoçar.
Is David going to start his new work soon ? He has already started !( before the expected )
David vai começar no novo trabalho logo? Ele já começou. (antes do tempo esperado)
Time expressions like : ever , never , already , before , yet , recently , are often used when the time is not specified
Quando o tempo não é especificado geralmente se usa expressões como : ever, never, already, before..etc.
I ' ve never studied a thing like this She ' s already done her homework
Charles has recently bought a new car We ' ve been to New York before
Jennifer hasn ' t gone to USA yet
• We use the present perfect with : this
morning , this evening , today , this week , this year etc .
when these
periods have not finished at the time of speaking.
Usamos o present perfect com: esta
manhã, esta noite, hoje, esta semana, este ano etc.
quando estes periodos não
se encerraram no momento da fala.
I ' ve read three newspaper today ( maybe I read more before the day finishes )
Li três jornais hoje( talvez eu leia mais antes do fim do dia)
They ' ve danced a lot this evening
Eles dançaram muito esta noite (talvez dancem mais)
David hasn ' t studied very much this year
David não estudou muito este ano( talvez ele estude menos ainda)
It is the second time Jennifer has phoned David
this morning
É a segunda vez que Jennifer
telefona esta manhã (talvez ela telefone de novo)
It 's formed by : HAVE / HAS + BEEN + MAIN VERB + ING
Formado com: Have/Has + Been + verbo principal + ing
The streets are wet because it has been raining ( rain )
As ruas estão molhadas porque esteve chovendo
I need to learn English , so I have been studying hard ( study )
Preciso aprender Inglês, então tenho estudado duramente.
Use of this tense – uso deste tempo
•The Present Perfect continuous is used to indicate an action that began in the past and has just stopped , or that continues till now.
Este tempo é usado para indicar uma ação que começou no passado e que acbou de parar, ou continua até agora.
We also use this tense to say , or ask , how long something has been happening.
Também se usa para perguntar há quanto tempo algo esta acontecendo.
a) You are
looking tired . Have you been running ? ( you just stopped running )
Voce
esta parecendo cansado. Voce esteve correndo ?
b) I ' ve been talking to Jennifer about you .
Eu estive
falando com Jennifer sobre você.
c) How long have you been learning English
?
Ha quanto tempo voce tem estudado Inglês?
d) The Clintons have been living in New York
since January
Os Clintons estão morando ( ou tem morado ) em New
York desde Janeiro.
The negative , interrogative and contracted forms follow the same model as those of the Present Perfect
O negativo, interrogativo e formas contraidas seguem o mesmo modelo que o Present Perfect.
pronoun |
affirmative |
negative |
interrogative |
I |
have been living |
have not been living |
have I been living ? |
YOU |
have been living |
have not been living |
have you been living ? |
HE,SHE,IT |
has been living |
has not been living |
has (he,she,it) been living? |
WE |
have been living |
have not been living |
have we been living ? |
YOU |
have been living |
have not been living |
have you been living ? |
THEY |
have been living |
have not been living |
have they been living ? |
INTERROGATIVE - NEGATIVE forms
extended |
contracted |
have I not been living ? |
haven ' t I been living ? |
have you not been living ? |
haven ' t you been living ? |
has ( he,she,it ) not been living ? |
hasn ' t ( he,she,it ) been living ? |
have we not been living ? |
haven ' t we been living ? |
have you not been living ? |
haven ' t you been living ? |
have they not been living ? |
haven ' t they been living / |
The contracted forms are normally used for everyday conversation
PAST PERFECT ( I HAD LIVED )
It's formed by : HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE of main verb
Formado com: Had + Participio passado do verbo principal.
When I arrived at the airport , the plane had already gone (go)
Quando cheguei ao aeroporto , o avião ja tinha partido.
I arrived late to the theater . The play had finished minutes before ( finish )
Eu cheguei tarde ao teatro . A peça terminara minutos antes
Use of this tense - uso deste tempo
The Past Perfect is
used to indicate an action , or state , that happened before an other action in
the past
or that continued till a certain moment in the past.
O Past Perfect é usado para indicar
uma ação, ou estado, que aconteceu antes de uma outra ação no passado
ou que
continuou ate certo momento no passado.
When I arrived at the airport , the plane had
already gone away.
Quando eu cheguei ao aeroporto , o avião já tinha ido embora.
It was David's first time in an airplane
. He was nervous because he hadn ' t flown before
Era a primeira vez de David em um
avião. Ele estava nervoso porque nunca tinha voado antes.
The past perfect ( I had done ) is the past of the present perfect ( I have done ) compare :
O past Perfect é o passado do Present Perfect. Compare:
The car
is dirty . I haven' t washed it for weeks ( present )
O carro esta sujo . Eu não o tenho lavado ha semanas.
The car was dirty . I hadn ' t washed it for
weeks ( past )
O carro estava sujo . Eu não o tinha lavado ha semanas.
With words like after , before , when , as soon as ,
is frequently used the Simple Past
but the Past Perfect is used to
specify that the second action happened after the first was ended .
Com as palvras acima geralmente é
geralmente usado o Past Simple
mas o Past Perfect é usado para especificar que
uma segunda ação aconteceu depois que a primeira terminou.
Examples:
After the plane left , we went back home
Depois que o avião partiu , nós voltamos para casa.
After the plane had left , we went back home.
Depois que o avião tinha partido , nós voltamos para casa.
These are the normal forms- estas são as formas normais
pronoun |
affirmative |
negative |
interrogative |
interrog-negative |
I |
had lived |
had not lived |
had I lived ? |
had I not lived ? |
YOU |
had lived |
had not lived |
had you lived ? |
had you not lived ? |
HE,SHE.IT |
had lived |
had not lived |
had ( he,she it ) lived ? |
had( he,she,it) not lived ? |
WE |
had lived |
had not lived |
had we lived ? |
had we not lived ? |
YOU |
had lived |
had not lived |
had you lived ? |
had you not lived ? |
THEY |
had lived |
had not lived |
had they lived ? |
had they not lived ? |
As it happens with all the other tenses , the contracted forms are normally used in the everyday conversation .
Como acontece com todos os outros tempos, as formas contraidas são mais usadas no dia a dia.
These are the contracted forms Estas são as formas contraídas.
affirmative |
negative |
interrogative - negative |
I ' d lived |
I hadn ' t lived |
hadn 't I lived ? |
you ' d lived |
you hadn ' t lived |
hadn 't you lived ? |
he ' d lived |
he hadn ' t lived |
hadn 't he lived ? |
she ' d lived |
she hadn ' t lived |
hadn 't she lived ? |
it ' d lived |
it hadn ' t lived |
hadn 't it lived ? |
we ' d lived |
we hadn ' t lived |
hadn 't we lived ? |
you ' d lived |
you hadn ' t lived |
hadn 't you lived ? |
they ' d lived |
they hadn ' t lived |
hadn 't they lived ? |
Compare these sentences –compare estas frases
Was Jennifer there when you arrived ? No
, she had already gone home ( Past Perfect )
Jennifer estava la quando voce chegou ? Não , ela ja tinha
ido para casa.
Was Jennifer there when you arrived ? Yes
, but she went home soon afterwards ( Simple Past )
Jennifer estava la quando voce chegou? Sim . mas ela foi
para casa logo depois.
David wasn' t home when I phoned him . He was
in Los Angeles ( Simple past )
David não estava em casa quando eu lhe telefonei . Ele estava
em Los Angeles.
David had just got home when I phoned him . He
had been in Los Angeles ( Past Perfect )
David tinha acabado de chegar em casa quando eu telefonei .
Ele tinha estado em Los Angeles )
In the examples above , you can see the different
use of the Past Perfect and the Simple Past.
Even in Portuguese the meaning of each use is different ,
OK?
Nos exemplos acima voce ve o uso diferente do Past Perfect e do Simple Past.
Mesmo em português o significado é diferente,ok?
PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS ( I HAD BEEN DOING )
Também
chamado Past Perfect Progressive
IT'S FORMED BY : HAD + BEEN + MAIN VERB + ING
Formado com: Had + Been + Verbo principal + ing
The boy came home with a black eye . He had
been fighting
O menino veio para casa com um olho preto. Ele tinha estado
brigando.
The sun was shining but the ground was wet. It
had been raining
O sol estava brilhando mas o chão estava molhado . Tinha estado
chovendo, ou, estivera chovendo.
Use of the Past Perfect progressive – uso do Past Perfect Progressive
We can use this tense to say how long something
had been happening before something else happened.
Note : The past perfect progressive is the past
of the present perfect progressive
Podemos usar este tempo para dizer ha quanto tempo algo esteve acontecendo antes que outra coisa acontecesse.
Her room 's color is different . She has
been painting it ( Pres. Perf. Progressive
)
A cor da sala dela esta diferente . Ela a tem
pintado.
Her room ' s color was different . She
had been painting it .( Past perf. Progressive )
A cor da sala dela estava diferente . Ela tinha estado
pintando.
These are the normal forms –estas são as formas normais
pronoun |
affirmative |
negative |
interrogative |
I |
had been living |
had not been living |
had I been living? |
you |
had been living |
had not been living |
had you been living? |
he,she,it |
had been living |
had not been living |
had (he,she,it) been living |
we |
had been living |
had not been living |
had we been living ? |
you they |
had been living |
had not been living |
had you been living? |
had been living |
had not been living |
had they been living ? |
These are the contracted forms –estas são as formas contraídas
negative |
interrog.negative |
I hadn ' t been living |
hadn 't I been living ? |
you hadn ' t been living |
hadn 't you been living ? |
he hadn ' t been living |
hadn 't he been living ? |
she hadn ' t been living |
hadn 't she been living ? |
it hadn ' t been living |
hadn 't it been living ? |
we hadn ' t been living |
hadn 't we been living ? |
you hadn ' t been living |
hadn 't you been living ? |
they hadn ' t been living |
hadn 't they been living ? |
The contracted forms are normally used in the everyday conversation
FUTURE
The future is formed
in two ways :
O futuro é formado de dois modos
1- Using WILL +
main verb ( without TO )
2- Using BE
GOING TO + Main verb ( without TO)
1- Usando WILL + Verbo Principal
(sem a
particulaTO)
2- usando Be going to + Verbo principal.
Examples :
1- I left the door open. I will go and shut it.
Deixei a porta aberta . Irei fecha-la.
2- I need to improve my English . I am going to study harder.
Preciso aperfeiçoar meu Ingles . Vou estudar com mais afinco [ mais "duramente "] )
Use of these constructions – uso destas construções
We use WILL to
express an action that we believe will happen in the future ,
or to talk about
decisions we make in the moment of speaking.
Usamos WILL para expressar uma ação
que acreditamos que acontecerá no futuro,
ou para falar de decisões que tomamos
no momemto da fala.
I think David will help me with this work.
Acho que David ira ajudar-me com este trabalho.
The house is dirty , you need to clean it .OK, I will do it tomorrow.
A casa esta suja, voce precisa limpa-la . OK , farei isso amanhã.
We use BE GOING TO
when we talk about future actions that are already programmed.
Usamos Be going to quando falamos
sobre ações futures que ja estão programadas.
I know the house was dirty.I am going to clean it tomorrow.
Eu sei que a casa esta suja. Vou limpa-la amanhã.
We often use WILL in these situations:- geralmente usamos WILL nestas situações:
a)Promising to do something – prometendo fazer algo.
I will phone you next week . I will not tell anyone what you
said to me
Telefonarei a voce semana que
vem
Não direi a ninguem o que me disse.
b) Offering to do something – oferecendo para fazer algo:
If you need money I will lend you some- Se precisar de dinheiro lhe emprestarei algum.
Your bag is too heavy.I will help you –Esta sacola é muito pesada. Vou ajuda-lo.
c) Agreeing or refusing something – concordando ou recusando algo.
Can you
give me back my book ? OK,I will bring it back today.
Pode devolver meu livro?- Ok, vou traze-lo
hoje.
I asked David to help me , but he will not.
Pedi a David para me ajudar,mas ele
não o fará.
The car will not start ( It "refuses
" to start ).
O carro não funcionará (ele ”se recusa”
a pegar)
d) Asking someone to do something – pedindo a alguem para fazer algo:
Will you shut the door please ?
Will you turn down the radio , please ? I am studying.
In general when we
" predict " the future we use WILL ,
and when we intend to do
something in the future we use BE GOING TO
Em geral quando “predizemos” o
futuro usamos WILL e,
quando planejamos fazer algo no futuro usamos BE GOING TO.
These are the normal forms – estas são as formas normais.
affirmative |
negative |
interrogative |
interrog.negative |
I will live |
i will not live |
will i live ? |
will I not live ? |
you will live |
you will not live |
will you live ? |
will you not live ? |
he will live |
he will not live |
will he live ? |
will he not live ? |
she will live |
she will not live |
will she live ? |
will she not live ? |
it will live |
it will not live |
will it live ? |
will it not live ? |
we will live |
we will not live |
will we live ? |
will we not live ? |
you will live |
you will not live |
will you live ? |
will you not live ? |
they will live |
they will not live |
will they live ? |
will they not live ? |
Here are the contracted forms –aqui estão as formas contraidas
negative |
interrog.negative |
I won ' t live |
won 't I live ? |
you won ' t live |
won 't you live ? |
he won ' t live |
won 't he live ? |
she won ' t live |
won 't she live ? |
it won ' t live |
won 't it live ? |
we won ' t live |
won 't we live ? |
you won ' t live |
won 't you live ? |
they won ' t live |
won 't they live ? |
GOING TO FUTURE ( Future with GOING TO )
We use GOING TO when we talk about programmed actions.
Usamos o futuro com “Going to” quando
falamos de ações programadas.
Sempre lembrando que usamos nos exemplos o verbo "Live" , mas com os
outros verbos é a mesma coisa.
These are the normal forms – eis as formas normais
affirmative |
negative |
interrogative |
I am going to live |
I am not going to live |
am I going to live ? |
you are going to live |
you are not going to live |
are you going to live ? |
he is going to live |
he is not going to live |
is he going to live ? |
she is going to live |
she is not going to live |
is she going to live ? |
it is going to live |
it is not going to live |
is it going to live ? |
we are going to live |
we are not going to live |
are we going to live ? |
you are going to live |
you are not going to live |
are you going to live ? |
they are going to live |
they are not going to live |
are they going to live ? |
The other forms are : as outras formas são:
interrogative negative |
contracted affirmative |
contracted negative |
am I not going to live ? |
I ' m going to live |
I ' m not going to live |
are you not going to live ? |
you ' re going to live |
you ' re not going to live |
is he not going to live ? |
he ' s going to live |
he ' s not going to live |
is she not going to live ? |
she ' s going to live |
she ' s not going to live |
is it not going to live ? |
it ' s going to live |
it ' s not going to live |
are we not going to live ? |
we ' re going to live |
we ' re not going to live |
are you not going to live ? |
you ' re going to live |
you ' re not going to live |
are they not going to live ? |
they ' re going to live |
they ' re not going to live |
FUTURE CONTINUOUS ( I WILL BE DOING )
Também
chamado Future Progressive
It 's formed by : WILL + BE + MAIN VERB + ING
Formado com Will + BE + Verbo principal + ing
At this time tomorrow , he will be working.
A esta hora amanhã , ele estara trabalhando.
David will be living in New York next year.
David estara morando em New York ,
no ano que vem.
Use of this tense – uso deste tempo
1 - We use the Future Continuous to say that we will be doing something at a certain time in the future.
Usamos este tempo para dizer que estaremos fazendo algo em certo tempo no futuro.
a) The movie begins at 8:00 and ends at 9:30 .
So , at 8:30 I will be watching the movie.
O filme começa as 8:00 h e termina as 9:30h. Então as 8:30 estarei
assistindo ao filme.
b) David works from 9:00 am to 5:00 p.m. .
Tomorrow at 1:00 p.m. he will be working
David trabalha das 9 as 17
horas.Amanhã a 1 da tarde ele estara trabalhando.
2 - We can use this tense to talk about something we have already planned and decided
Podemos usar este tempo para falar sobre algo decicido previamente.
a) I will be going downtown tomorrow . Can I
get you anything ?
Irei ao centro da cidade amanhã. Posso lhe trazer algo ?
3- We can use this tense to ask about people's plans
Podemos usar este tempo para perguntar sobre os planos das pesoas.
a) Will you be using your car tonight ? No, you
can take it .
Voce usará o carro hoje á noite<
Não, pode leva-lo
b) Will you be passing the post office when you
go out ? If so , please mail these letters for me.
Voce vai passar em frente ao correio?
Se passar, por favor emvie estas cartas por mim.
The normal forms – as formas normais
affirmative |
negative |
interrogative |
I will be living |
I will not be living |
will I be living ? |
you will be living |
you will not be living |
will you be living ? |
he,she,it will be living |
he,she,it will be living |
will he,she,it be living ? |
we will be living |
we will be living |
will we be living ? |
you will be living |
you will be living |
will you be living ? |
they will be living |
they will be living |
will they be living ? |
Other forms – outras formas
interrogative negative |
contracted negative |
contrac,inter. negative |
will I be not living ? |
I won 't be living |
won 't I be living ? |
will you be not living? |
you won 't be living |
won 't you be living ? |
will he,she,it be not living? |
he,she,it won 't be living |
won 't he,she,it be living ? |
will we be not living ? |
we won 't be living |
won 't we be living ? |
will you be not living ? |
you won 't be living |
won 't you be living ? |
will they be not living ? |
they won 't be living |
won 't they be living ? |
The contracted forms are normally used in the everyday conversation
FUTURE
PERFECT (I WILL HAVE LIVED)
It's formed by : WILL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE OF MAIN VERB
Formado com: Will+Have+past participle
do verbo principal
Use of this tense – uso deste tempo
The Future Perfect is used to express an action that will happen before another action in the future
O future Perfect é usado para expressar uma ação que acontecerá antes de uma outra ação no futuro.
EXAMPLES :
I will have left before Alice arrives.
Eu terei partido antes de Alice chegar.
I will have finished my homework by noon.
Terei terminado minha lição antes do
meio dia.
These are the normal forms -estas são as formas normais
pronoun |
affirmative |
negative |
interrogative |
I |
will have lived |
will not have lived |
will i have lived ? |
you |
will have lived |
will not have lived |
will you have lived ? |
he,she,it |
will have lived |
will not have lived |
will ( he,she,it ) have lived? |
we |
will have lived |
will not have lived |
will we have lived ? |
you |
will have lived |
will not have lived |
will you have lived ? |
they |
will have lived |
will not have lived |
will they have lived ? |
interrogative.negative |
will I not have lived ? |
will you not have lived ? |
will ( he,she,it ) not have lived ? |
will we not have lived ? |
will you not have lived ? |
will they not have lived ? |
Here are the contracted forms – aqui estão as formas contraidas
affirmative |
negative |
interrogative negative |
I 'll have lived |
I won 't have lived |
won ' t I have lived ? |
you ' ll have lived |
you won 't have lived |
won ' t you have lived ? |
he ' ll have lived |
he won 't have lived |
won ' t he have lived ? |
she ' ll have lived |
she won 't have lived |
won ' t she have lived ? |
it ' ll have lived |
it won 't have lived |
won ' t it have lived ? |
we ' ll have lived |
we won 't have lived |
won ' t we have lived ? |
you 'll have lived |
you won 't have lived |
won ' t you have lived ? |
they ' ll have lived |
they won 't have lived |
won ' t they have lived ? |
The contracted forms are normally used in the conversation
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS ( I WILL HAVE BEEN DOING )
Também
chamado Future Perfect Progressive
It's formed by : WILL + HAVE BEEN + VERB + ING
Formado com: Will+Have Been+ verbo+ ing
Use of this tense – uso deste tempo
We use this tense to express actions like those
expressed by the Future Perfect Simple ,
but this tense emphasizes the
continuation of the action.
Usamos este tempo para expressar
ações como aquelas expressas pelo Future Perfect Simple,
mas este tempo
enfatiza a continuação de uma ação.
EXAMPLES :
We will have been living in New York for five
years next week
Nos teremos estado vivendo em New York por cinco anos na semana
que vem.
By 10 o'clock I will have been reading this
book for about three hours
Pelas 10 horas eu terei lido este livro por cerca de tres horas.
These are the normal forms – estas são as formas normais
pronoun |
affirmative |
negative |
I |
will have been living |
will not have been living |
you |
will have been living |
will not have been living |
he,she,it |
will have been living |
will not have been living |
we |
will have been living |
will not have been living |
you |
will have been living |
will not have been living |
they |
will have been living |
will not have been living |
interrogative |
interrogative negative |
will I have been living ? |
will iInot have been living ? |
will you have been living ? |
will you not have been living ? |
will ( he,she,it ) have been living ? |
will (he,she,it ) not have been living ? |
will we have been living ? |
will we not have been living ? |
will you have been living ? |
will you not have been living ? |
will they have been living ? |
will they not have been living ? |
The contracted forms are : as formas contraidas são:
negative |
interrogative - negative |
I won ' t have been living |
won ' t I have been living ? |
you won ' t have been living |
won ' t you have been living ? |
he won ' t have been living |
won ' t he have been living ? |
she won ' t have been living |
won ' t she have been living ? |
it won ' t have been living |
won ' t it have been living ? |
we won ' t have been living |
won ' t we have been living ? |
you won ' t have been living |
won ' t you have been living ? |
they won ' t have been living |
won ' t they have been living ? |
The contracted forms are always preferred in the conversation
IMPERATIVE
Formed by : Infinitive without the particle TO
We form the negative with DO NOT or DON 'T + INFINITIVE
Formado com: Infitive sem a particular TO
Formamos o negativo com Do not (ou Don’t) + Infinitive
EXAMPLES :
GO AWAY
( Vá embora )
COME IN ( entre)
DON 'T GO AWAY ( não
va embora ) DON 'T COME IN (não entre )
Uses of the Imperative
a) To give an order – para dar uma ordem:
Leave now ! ( saia agora ) Don ' t smoke in the restaurant
b) To make an invitation or to offer
something –
para fazer um convite, ou oferecer algo:
Sit down , please ( Sente-se por favor )
Have a cup of tea ! (
Tome uma xicara de chá)
c) To give an advice or a warning – dar um conselho ou aviso:
Don '
t drink and drive . It could kill you ( Não beba e dirija. Isso poderia mata-lo )
Watch your step . Be careful . ( Olhe onde pisa . Seja
cuidadoso )
d)
To
ask someone to do something – para pedir a alguem
para fazer algo:
Turn off the
lights , when you leave , please ( apague as luzes
ao sair ,por favor )
Please , lend
me your car for today ( Por favor empreste-me seu
carro por hoje )
THE PASSIVE VOICE
A voz passiva
It's formed by : BE (or GET ) + PAST PARTICIPLE OF MAIN VERB
To give the correct structure to the
passive voice , we need to use BE or GET in the same tense of the active voice
, plus the Past Participle of the main verb from the active sentence .
The object of the active will be always
the subject of the passive voice.
The agent of the passive voice , that is
the subject of the active ,is introduced by the preposition BY
É formada com: BE ou GET + Past participle do verbo principal
Para dar a estrutura correta da voz
passiva, precisamos usar BE ou GET no mesmo tempo da voz ativa,
mais o past participle do verbo principal da sentença de voz ativa.
O objeto da voz ativa sera sempre o
sujeito da voz passiva.
O agente da voz passiva, que é o
sujeito da ativa, é introduzido pela preposição BY.
EXAMPLES :
1. He keeps the car here ( Ele mantem o carro aqui ) [ Active ]
The car is kept here ( by him ) ( O carro é mantido aqui ( por ele )) [ Passive ]
2. A thief stole my car ( Um ladrão roubou meu carro ) [ Active ]
My car was stolen ( by a thief ) ( Meu carro foi roubado ( por um ladrão ) [ Passive ]
3. David broke my watch ( David quebrou meu relogio ) [ Active ]
My watch was broken by David ( meu relogio foi quebrado por David ) [ Passive ]
When there is a material agent , it is introduced by the preposition WITH
Quando existe agente material ele é introduzido pela preposição WITH.
1. Smoke filled the whole building [ Active ]
The whole building was filled with smoke [ Passive ]
2. Blood covered the injured soldier [ Active ]
The injured soldier was covered with blood [ Passive ]
Uses of the Passive Voice
a) When the agent off the action is not known
Quando o agente da ação não é conhecido:
David
was killed last week ( David foi morto a semana passada
)
Tom
's bike got stolen yesterday ( A bicicleta de
Tom foi roubada ontem )
b) To emphasize the action itself – para enfatizar a ação em si.
The
thief got caught ( O ladrão foi preso )
David ' s motorcycle was damaged by a bus ( A
moto de David foi danificada por um onibus)
b)
When the agent is clear trough the context
Quando o agente é claro através do
contexto.
Silence must be kept ( O silencio deve ser mantido )
When the sentence has both , direct and
indirect objects , we can have two versions of the passive voice.
Quando a sentença tem abos os
objetos, direto e indireto, podemos ter duas versões da voz passiva.
Someone gave Jennifer a new dress [ Active ]
A new dress was given to Jennifer [ Passive 1 ]
Jennifer was given a new dress [ Passive 2 ]
They told David the real facts [ Active ]
The real facts were told to David [ Passive 1 ]
David was told the real facts [ Passive 2 ]
CORRESPONDENCE
TABLE
TABELA DE CORRESPONDENCIA
verb tense |
active voice |
passive voice |
simple present |
Icall |
I am called |
present continuous |
I am calling |
I am being called |
simple past |
I called |
I was called |
past continuous |
I was calling |
I was being called |
present perfect |
I have called |
I have been called |
present perfect |
I have been called |
I have been being called |
past perfect |
I had called |
I had been called |
past perfect |
I had been called |
I had been being called (see note ) |
future |
I will call |
I will be called |
future continuous |
I will be calling |
I will be being called ( see note ) |
future perfect |
I will have called |
I will have been called |
fut. perf. continuous |
I will have been calling |
I will have been being called ( note) |
NOTE : These form are not used very
often
Estas formas não são usadas com muita freqüência.
With regular verbs it 's very simple.-
com verbos regulares é muito simples
Just take out the particle TO and add ED to the verb:
Apenas retire a partícula TO e acrescente ED ao verbo.
infinitive |
past tense |
past participle |
to love |
loved |
loved |
to work |
worked |
worked |
to live |
lived |
lived |
to arrive |
arrived |
arrived |
With the irregular verbs there's no rule ,
and there are two ways to know the three main tenses:
Com verbos irregulares não ha regras e ha dois jeitos de saber os três tempos básicos:
a) You can find the verb in the dictionary . It gives you the three tenses of irregular verbs.
Voce pode encontrar no dicionário. Ele da os tres tempos básicos de verbos irregulares.
Examples : Drink / drank / drunk = beber / bebi / bebido
Shut / shut / shut = fechar / fechei / fechado
Eat / ate / eaten = comer / comi / comido
Wear / wore / worn = Usar / usei / usado
As you can see some irregular verbs have two forms , others have three forms , and others have the same form for the three tenses .
b)o outro jeito é ter á mão uma lista de verbos irregulares Veja a pagina Verbs in English
VERB TENSE |
CONSTRUCTION |
PORTUGUESE EQUIVALENCE |
simple present |
I live , he/she lives |
eu
moro / que eu more / se eu morar |
present progressive |
To BE + verb + ING |
estou morando / que / se eu estiver morando |
simple past |
verb
+ ED ( exceto irreg . ) |
morei
/ morava / se eu morasse |
past progressive |
To Be + verb + ING |
estive morando / estava morando / se eu estivesse
morando |
present perfect |
To Have + past participle ofthe main verb |
moro
/ morei / tenho morado / que eu tenha morado / se eu tiver morado |
present perfect progressive |
Have + Been + verb + ING |
moro / tenho morado / tenho estado morando / se eu
estiver morando |
past perfect |
Had+ past participle of main verb |
morara
/ tinha morado / se eu tivesse morado |
past perfect progressive |
Had + Been + verb + ING |
estivera morando / tinha estado morando /tinha
morado |
future progressive |
Will + Be + verb + ING |
estarei
morando |
future perfect |
Will + Have + past participle of main verb |
terei morado |
future perfect progressive |
Will + Have + verb + ING |
terei
estado morando / terei morado |