Ar
Sujo |
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Ar
Sujo |
Tens of Americans die prematurely each year because they breathe dirty air. Yet a powerful alliance of business and political leaders is trying to block new air-quality standards. Their breathtaking argument: that the research is incomplete and uncertain, and that the cost and inconvenience exceed the benefit. Nonsense. The health risks posed by ozone and microscopic particles, the two pollutants for which the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) announced new limits, are as plain as smog. Hundreds of studies link them to asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory ailments. Annual associated death tool: 40,000 to 60,000. How much is that worth? Take a deep breath of clean air, then one of dirty air, and ask that question again. The fact is Americans have always been willing to pay for clean air. Few would argue that the nation did the wrong thing by spending the money to cut lead from gasoline, or that we should take expensive catalytic converters out of our cars. Currently, the EPA estimates that business, local governments and consumers spend about $ 22 billion a year complying with federal clean-air standards. Result: Since 1990 the number of cities failing to meet ozone standards has dropped 50% according to agency officials. At least 50 million Americans enjoy cleaner air and better health. Now, the EPA wants to cut ozone limits by an additional third and impose new restrictions on airborne particles as small as 1/30 Th. the diameter of human hair. Implementation will take years but in the end will add about 150 counties to the 106 that already fail to meet air-quality standards. Cost: less than $ 2.5 billion a year. That' s not as bad as it sounds. The changes also will improve air quality for 100 million Americans. And although it is notoriously hard to quantify, EPA officials expect the changes to save at least $ 70 billion a year in health-care costs and productivity. Opponents say present regulations are good enough. But it' s widely agreed that even low levels of ozone exposure pose a health hazard, and efforts to control larger air particles have not reduced the levels of smaller ones, which penetrate the lungs. Critics also say the new restrictions will result in stringent controls on barbecues and lawn mowers. Yet regulators say 70% of the affected counties will be able to comply without any such severe impact. New technologies and approaches are steadily lowering the cost of pollution control. If planners harness the proven ability of the marketplace to achieve environmental goals, fears of exaggerated effects are themselves exaggerated. Industry leaders routinely have overstated the cost of cleaning the air. They complained, for instance, that mandatory reductions in sulfur dioxide emissions, which cause acid rain, would cost $ 1,500 a ton. Real cost: $100 The debate isn't primarily about convenience and cost anyway. It is about your lungs, your air, and your health. In that context and against the evidence that all three are at risk, there' s no debate at all.
Adapted from the newspaper USA Today |
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Dezenas de Americanos morrem prematuramente todo ano porque eles respiram
ar sujo. Entretanto uma poderosa aliança de lideres politicos
e de negocios esta tentando bloquear os novos padões de qualidade
do ar. Os argumentos deles: que a pesquisa é incompleta e incerta,
que o custo e inconveniencia excede o beneficio. |