O tempo verbal Inglês Present Perfect refere-se a algo iniciado no passado e que continua ate hoje, tendo portanto um tempo indefinido.
Veja só:
Em português dizemos:"Eu trabalho aqui há 2 anos" - querendo dizer que entrei na empresa faz 2 anos e ainda estou la.
Poderiamos dizer também:"Tenho trabalhado aqui por 2 anos" sendo esta a forma do Present Perfect que apesar de "não existir oficialmente" na gramática portuguesa é usado tranquilamente no dia a dia,certo?

Em inglês ha uma diferença entre o uso desses dois tempos verbais.Veja:

With a finished time ( yesterday / last week , etc ... ), we use the Past Simple
Com um tempo definido (ontem / semana passada,etc.) usamos o Simple Past 

                        yesterday

                        last week

We arrived        at 3 o’clock

                        in 1995

                        six months ago

DO NOT USE the Present Perfect with a finished time .
NÃO USE o Present Perfect com tempo definido.
 Examples :

· I saw Paula yesterday.

· Where were you on Sunday afternoon ? ( not “where have you been “ )

· We didn’t have a holiday last yea.r ( not “ we haven’t had “)

· What did you do last night ? - I stayed home .

· William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616 .  He wrote many plays and poems.

             
Use the Past Simple to ask “ when “, “ what time ? “
Use Past Simple  para perguntar:- "quando" - "a que horas"

            When did they arrive ?  ( not “when have they arrived ? “ ) 

Dica: Visite a página Tempos Verbais(todos) e procure pelo Present / Past Perfect

                             Compare these sentences - compare estas frases

PRESENT PERFECT                                PAST SIMPLE 

I have lost my key                               I lost my key last night

Bill has gone home                              Bill went home ten minutes ago

Have you seen Ann ?                            Did you see Ann on Saturday ?

Have you ever been to Spain ?             Did you go to Spain last year ?

My friend  has read many books            My friend read many book this year.

The letter hasn’t arrived yet               The letter didn’t arrive yesterday

We’ve lived in Glasgow for 6 years        We lived in Glasgow for six years but now we live in Tokyo

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